The collapse of the water system may have caused people to abandon the city of Angkor. Variability between droughts and flooding was also a problem. Researchers have determined that a period of strong monsoon rains was succeeded by a drought in the region, which caused damage to infrastructure. While the traditional end of the empire is marked with the Siege of Angkor by the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1431, the actual reason the Khmer Empire collapsed is still a mystery for scholars. The beginning of the era of the Khmer Empire is conventionally dated to 802, when King Jayavarman II declared himself chakravartin ("universal ruler", a title equivalent to "emperor") in the Phnom Kulen mountains. Researchers have also concluded that the Khmer Empire invented the world's first healthcare system which included 102 hospitals.
Satellite imaging has revealed that Angkor, during its peak in the 11th to the 13th centuries, was the most extensive pre-industrial urban complex in the world. The majestic monuments of Angkor, such as Angkor Wat and Bayon, bear testimony to the Khmer Empire's immense power and wealth, impressive art and culture, architectural technique, aesthetic achievements, and the variety of belief systems that it patronised over time. Perhaps its most notable legacy is the site of Angkor, now in Cambodia, the Khmer capital during the empire's zenith. At its peak, the Khmer Empire was larger than the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire), which existed around the same time.
The empire grew out of the former civilizations of Funan and Chenla, which at times ruled over and/or vassalised most of mainland Southeast Asia and parts of Southern China, stretching from the tip of the Indochinese Peninsula northward to the modern Yunnan province of China, and from Vietnam westward to Myanmar. The Khmer Empire ( Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ), or the Angkorian Empire (Khmer: ចក្រភពអង្គរ), is a term used by historians to refer to Cambodia from the 9th to the 15th centuries, when the nation was a Hindu- Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia.
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